____ _ _ _ _
| _ \ ___ | |_ (_) _ __ ___ __| | (_) __ _
| |_) | / _ \ | __| | | | '_ \ / _ \ / _| | | | / _ |
| _ < | __/ | |_ | | | |_) | | __/ | (_| | | | | (_| |
|_| \_\ \___| \__| |_| | .__/ \___| \__,_| |_| \__,_|
|_|
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Entaktogen
ββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ
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Als Entaktogen (vom Adjektiv entaktogen, βdas Innere berΓΌhrendβ, aus griechisch en, βinnenβ, lateinisch tactus βberΓΌhrtβ) werden psychoaktive Substanzen bezeichnet, unter deren Einfluss die eigenen Emotionen intensiver wahrgenommen werden. Der Terminus wurde von dem US-amerikanischen Chemiker David E. Nichols in den 1980er Jahren eingefΓΌhrt. Seit dieser Zeit werden diese Substanzen auch in der Forschung zur Psychotherapie mit Psychedelika eingesetzt.
Als Entaktogene werden unter anderem folgende psychoaktive Substanzen eingestuft:
β’ 3,4-Methylendioxyamphetamin (MDA)
β’ 3,4-Methylendioxy-N-ethylamphetamin (MDE)cite-ref-pmid10327426-1-0[1]
β’ 3,4-Methylendioxy-N-methylamphetamin (MDMA)
β’ 3,4-Methylendioxy-N-methylcathinon (bk-MDMA, MDMC)
β’ 4-Brom-2,5-dimethoxyphenylethylamin (2C-B)
β’ 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylphenylethylamin (2C-E)
β’ 2-Methylamino-1-(3,4-methylendioxyphenyl)butan (MBDB)
β’ 2-Amino-1-(3,4-methylendioxyphenyl)butan (BDB)
β’ 4-HydroxybutansΓ€ure (GammahydroxybuttersΓ€ure; GHB)
Praktisch synonym ist der Begriff Empathogen, da sich beide AusdrΓΌcke auf dieselben Substanzen beziehen.
Contents
β’ Literatur
β’ Einzelnachweise
ββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ
Literatur
β’ D.E. Nichols: Differences Between the Mechanism of Action of Mdma, Mbdb, and the Classic Hallucinogens. Identification of a New Therapeutic Class: Entactogens. In: Journal of Psychoactive Drugs. Band 18, Nr. 4, 1986, S. 305β313 (englisch; online auf scribd.com; doi:10.1080/02791072.1986.10472362).
Einzelnachweise
cite-note-pmid10327426-11. β E. Gouzoulis-Mayfrank, M. Schreckenberger, O. Sabri, C. Arning, B. Thelen, M. Spitzer, K. A. Kovar, L. Hermle, U. BΓΌll, H. Sass: Neurometabolic effects of psilocybin, 3,4-methylenedioxyethylamphetamine (MDE) and d-methamphetamine in healthy volunteers. A double-blind, placebo-controlled PET study with [18F]FDG. In: Neuropsychopharmacology. Band 20, Nummer 6, Juni 1999, S. 565β581, doi:10.1016/S0893-133X(98)00089-X, PMID 10327426.